Anxiety or depression: when to see a psychologist or psychiatrist
How to tell when low mood or worry needs help, who you can see, and how a GP plan works for psychology sessions.
What anxiety and depression are
Everyone feels worried or flat at times. Anxiety and depression are different. They last for weeks, not days, and they get in the way of work, study, sleep or relationships. They are common and they respond well to treatment.
Signs it may be time to get help:
- Feeling sad, empty or irritable most days for two weeks or more
- Losing interest in things you used to enjoy
- Worry that is hard to switch off, or panic attacks
- Changes in sleep, appetite or energy
- Avoiding people, places or tasks because of fear or low mood
- Using alcohol or other drugs to cope
Who you might see
Your GP is the best place to start. They can check for physical causes, talk through options and make a plan with you.
- Psychology: a psychologist uses talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This is often the first step for mild to moderate anxiety or depression.
- Psychiatry: a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can diagnose, prescribe and manage more complex or severe conditions. Your GP may suggest one if symptoms are severe, not improving, or you need help with medicines.
Many people see a psychologist and their GP together, and only some need a psychiatrist.
Referrals, plans and costs
You can book a psychologist privately without a referral. To get a Medicare rebate, you usually need your GP to prepare a mental health treatment plan and refer you. This covers a set number of sessions each year, and your GP reviews how you are going along the way. See How does a Mental Health Treatment Plan work? for more.
Seeing a psychiatrist needs a referral for a Medicare rebate. Fees vary, so ask what you will pay before you book. Telehealth suits many mental health appointments, see Is a telehealth appointment right for me?.
On Spec Book, your GP can see which psychologists have the soonest openings and send the referral with the booking.
When to get urgent help
If you are thinking about suicide or harming yourself, or you feel unsafe, call 000 or go to the nearest emergency department. For 24-hour crisis support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. You do not need a referral for any of these.
Common questions
Do I need a diagnosis before seeing a psychologist?
No. A psychologist can assess you at the first session. If you want a Medicare rebate, your GP will usually prepare a plan first.
What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A psychologist provides talking therapy and does not prescribe. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can diagnose, prescribe medicines and manage complex conditions.
Can I do sessions by video?
Yes, many psychologists and psychiatrists offer telehealth. Ask whether a Medicare rebate applies to your appointment type.
What if the first psychologist isn't a good fit?
That is common and okay. Feeling comfortable with your therapist matters, so talk to your GP about seeing someone else.
General information only, not medical advice. Everyone's situation is different, so check with your GP or the provider. In an emergency call 000.