Skin cancer checks: what to look for and who to see
Australia has high rates of skin cancer. Here's how to check your skin, when to see your GP and when a dermatologist helps.
Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. The good news is that most skin cancers can be treated successfully, especially when found early. The main types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, which is less common but more serious.
Checking your own skin
Get to know your skin so you notice changes. Check all over, including your scalp, the soles of your feet and between your toes, using a mirror or asking someone to help. Look for:
- A new spot, or one that looks different from your other spots
- A mole that changes in size, shape or colour
- A spot that has an uneven border or more than one colour
- A sore that doesn't heal, or that bleeds, crusts or itches
- A scaly or shiny lump that keeps growing
Cancer Council recommends talking to your doctor about your own risk and how often you should have your skin checked.
Who is at higher risk
- People with fair skin that burns easily
- People with many moles or unusual moles
- People who have had skin cancer before, or a close relative with melanoma
- People with a lot of past sun exposure or sunburn
- People with a weakened immune system, such as after an organ transplant
GP or dermatologist?
Your GP is a good first stop for a spot that worries you. Many GPs do skin checks and can remove or biopsy some lesions themselves.
Your GP may refer you to Dermatology if a spot is hard to diagnose, if you have many unusual moles, a strong history of melanoma, or a skin cancer in a difficult place such as the face. Some larger or complex skin cancers are treated by General surgery or plastic surgeons.
A dermatologist will examine your skin, often using a dermatoscope, a handheld magnifier with a light. They may take photos to compare over time, do a biopsy, or treat a lesion with surgery, freezing, creams or other options.
You need a GP referral to claim a Medicare rebate for a dermatologist. Fees vary, and some procedures have extra costs, so ask first. Spec Book shows which dermatologists have the soonest appointments, and your GP can send the referral with the booking.
Protecting your skin
Prevention matters at every age. Use sun protection when the UV index is 3 or above: clothing, sunscreen, a broad-brimmed hat, shade and sunglasses. Avoid solariums, which are banned for commercial use in Australia.
When to see someone quickly
See your GP promptly, within days rather than weeks, if a spot is changing fast, bleeding or growing quickly.
Common questions
How often should I have a skin check?
It depends on your risk. Your GP can advise how often suits you, and many people also check their own skin regularly.
Can a GP remove a skin cancer?
Many GPs remove smaller, straightforward skin cancers. More complex ones may need a dermatologist or surgeon.
Do I need a referral to see a dermatologist?
You can sometimes book without one, but you need a valid GP referral to claim a Medicare rebate. See How long does a specialist referral last?.
General information only, not medical advice. Everyone's situation is different, so check with your GP or the provider. In an emergency call 000.