Low back pain: when to see a physio, GP or specialist
Most low back pain settles with time and movement. Here is what helps, who to see, and the warning signs that need urgent care.
What it is
Low back pain is very common. Most of the time there is no serious cause. It often comes from strained muscles, joints or ligaments, and it usually improves within a few weeks.
Things that tend to help:
- Staying gently active and keeping up normal activities as much as you can
- Avoiding long bed rest, which can slow recovery
- Heat, short walks and changing position often
- Simple pain relief your GP or pharmacist recommends
Scans are not usually needed for new back pain. They often show normal age changes that do not explain the pain, and they rarely change the treatment.
Who can help
- Physiotherapy: a physiotherapist assesses how you move and gives you exercises and advice. You can book directly without a referral.
- Exercise physiology: an exercise physiologist helps with longer-term strength and fitness programs, especially for pain that keeps coming back.
- Orthopaedic surgery or Neurology: your GP may refer you if pain is severe and not settling, or if there are nerve symptoms such as leg weakness. Surgery is only needed for a small number of people.
See your GP if pain is not improving after a few weeks, keeps returning, wakes you at night, or comes with pain or numbness down the leg.
Recovery is not always a straight line. Flare-ups are common and do not usually mean new damage. Keeping active, sleeping well and managing stress all help, and a physio can give you a plan for flare-ups.
Referrals and costs
You can see a physio privately and private health extras may help. If you have a long-term condition, ask your GP whether a chronic condition plan suits you, see Do I need a referral for a physio, psychologist or dietitian? and What is a GP chronic condition management plan?. Spec Book lets you compare physios with appointments this week.
When to get urgent help
Call 000 or go to an emergency department if back pain comes with any of these:
- Numbness around the genitals or bottom, or new trouble passing urine or controlling your bowels
- Weakness in one or both legs that is getting worse
- Fever, feeling very unwell, or a history of cancer
- Pain after a major fall or accident
Common questions
Should I get an X-ray or MRI?
Usually not for new back pain. Your GP will suggest a scan if there are warning signs or the pain isn't improving as expected.
Is it safe to exercise with back pain?
For most people, gentle movement helps recovery. A physiotherapist can show you which activities to start with.
Do I need a referral to see a physio?
No. You can book directly. A GP plan may give you a Medicare rebate if you have a chronic condition.
General information only, not medical advice. Everyone's situation is different, so check with your GP or the provider. In an emergency call 000.