ACL and sports knee injuries: what happens next?
A twisting knee injury can damage the ACL or meniscus. Here is how it is assessed, who you will see, and your treatment options.
What it is
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) holds the knee steady when you twist, turn or land. It is often injured in sports like football, netball and basketball, usually with a sudden change of direction or awkward landing. Other structures, such as the meniscus (cartilage), can be hurt at the same time.
Common signs include:
- A pop at the time of injury
- Fast swelling within hours
- The knee feeling unstable or giving way
- Trouble straightening the knee or putting weight on it
First steps
See your GP or a physiotherapist soon after the injury. They will examine the knee and may arrange an MRI. Early on, rest, ice, compression and elevation can ease swelling, and crutches may help for a few days.
Who you will see
- Physiotherapy: rehabilitation is the core of treatment, whether or not you have surgery. A physio guides you through strength, balance and return-to-sport stages.
- Orthopaedic surgery: an orthopaedic surgeon, often one who focuses on knees and sport, talks with you about whether reconstruction is right for you.
Not everyone needs surgery. The choice depends on your age, how active you are, the sports you want to return to, whether the knee keeps giving way, and other injuries in the knee. Some people do well with rehab alone. Others choose surgery followed by months of rehab.
Returning to pivoting sport too early raises the risk of another injury. Your physio and surgeon will use tests of strength and control, not just time, to guide you.
If you have surgery, you will usually see the physio before and after the operation. Doing rehab before surgery to settle swelling and regain movement is often encouraged.
Referrals and costs
You need a GP referral to claim a Medicare rebate for a surgeon. Surgery costs vary between public and private care, so ask for a written quote, see Understanding a surgery quote: what to ask before you agree and Public or private: how to choose where to see a specialist. Spec Book shows which knee surgeons have the soonest appointments and lets your GP send the referral with the booking.
When to get urgent help
Go to an emergency department if the knee looks deformed, you cannot move it at all, the leg is cold, pale or numb, or there is a large wound.
Common questions
Can an ACL heal without surgery?
A fully torn ACL usually does not join back together, but many people regain good function with a structured rehab program. Your surgeon and physio can help you decide.
How long is recovery after reconstruction?
It is usually many months before returning to pivoting sport. Your team will base the timing on how your knee performs in testing.
Should I see a physio before the surgeon?
Often yes. Early physio helps settle swelling and regain movement, which can make any later surgery go better.
General information only, not medical advice. Everyone's situation is different, so check with your GP or the provider. In an emergency call 000.